“…Such high internal temperatures during thermal runaway were previously inferred for similar cells 17 by observing melting of copper current collectors (melting point of copper 1085…”
Section: Thermal Behavior-insupporting confidence: 55%
“…This suggests that gases generated within the electrode assembly in the bottom portion of the cell initially flowed toward the vacant base of the casing and thereafter changed direction toward the vent, a tortuous path for pressure relief. This buildup of pressure at the base of the cell and consequent doming is not unique to mechanical abuse scenarios; similar shifts of the electrode assembly have also been observed under thermal abuse conditions 8,17 and are expected to be the primary cause of cell rupture and ejection of their contents.…”
Section: Thermal Behavior-insupporting confidence: 52%
“…11,12,15,16 To understand the variation of failure mechanisms in response to different abuse conditions, a spatio-temporal description of thermal runaway resulting from each scenario is needed. High-speed X-ray computed tomography (CT) and radiography have been used in previous studies to visualize the internal breakdown and ejection of active materials following thermal runaway induced via thermal abuse, 17 electrical overcharge 18 and internal short-circuiting. 8 Failures induced via intrusive mechanical methods are expected to deviate most significantly from other in-field failures, in particular internal short-circuiting, which nail penetration is sometimes used to simulate.…”
mentioning confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
Finegan
1
,
Tjaden
2
,
Heenan
3
et al. 2017
J. Electrochem. Soc. Self Cite
Mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries is widely used during testing to induce thermal runaway, characterize associated risks, and expose cell and module vulnerabilities. However, the repeatability of puncture or 'nail penetration' tests is a key issue as there is often a high degree of variability in the resulting thermal runaway process. In this work, the failure mechanisms of 18650 cells punctured at different locations and orientations are characterized with respect to their internal structural degradation, and both their internal and surface temperature, all of which are monitored in real time. The initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is visualized via high-speed synchrotron X-ray radiography at 2000 frames per second, and the surface and internal temperatures are recorded via infrared imaging and a thermocouple embedded in the tip of the penetrating nail, respectively. The influence of the nail, as well as how and where it penetrates the cell, on the initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is described and the suitability of this test method for representing in-field failures is discussed.
“…[67][68][69][70] Two types of techniques have been developed to address the thermal runaway problem. One method is to inhibit heat generation by adopting alternative electrolytes, e.g., polymer gel electrolytes and solid-state electrolytes with low ionic conductivities.…”
Section: Smart Design To Avoid Overheatingmentioning confidence: 99%
Yang
1
,
Yu
2
,
Wang
3
et al. 2017
Advanced Materials
Currently, with booming development and worldwide usage of rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices, their safety issues, operation stability, service life, and user experience are garnering special attention. Smart and intelligent energy storage devices with self‐protection and self‐adaptation abilities aiming to address these challenges are being developed with great urgency. In this Progress Report, we highlight recent achievements in the field of smart energy storage systems that could early‐detect incoming internal short circuits and self‐protect against thermal runaway. Moreover, intelligent devices that are able to take actions and self‐adapt in response to external mechanical disruption or deformation, i.e., exhibiting self‐healing or shape‐memory behaviors, are discussed. Finally, insights into the future development of smart rechargeable energy storage devices are provided.
“…Inside the complex membrane reactors for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction could be seen through [36] and in another study even a catalyst particle in liquid phase chemistry could be studied [37]. Impressive time-resolution (>1 Hz) was demonstrated in battery research under operando thermal runaway using CT-tomography and radiography combined with thermal imaging [38].…”
Section: Space-resolved Spectroscopy/diffraction Imaging and Tomographymentioning confidence: 99%
Urakawa
1
2016
Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering
After the introduction of the term, operando, the catalysis community has taken significant steps forward to understand chemistry and physics taking place within catalyst body and catalytic reactor on different length and time scales with great motivation to firmly establish catalyst structure vs. catalytic performance relationships. Herein recent advances, current trends and possible future directions in operando methodology are briefly summarized.
